WISH AND IF ONLY FOR REGRETS

Whish and if only for regrets

Wish and If only

Wish and ‘If only’ are both used to talk about regrets – things that we would like to change either about the past or the present.

Talking about the past

·        I wish I’d studied harder when I was at school. He didn’t study harder when he was at school.

·        I wish I hadn’t eaten all that chocolate. I feel sick.

·        If only I’d known you were coming.

Both wish and if only are followed by the past perfect tense when we talk about past regrets.

Wish / If only

Use:
Wish and If only can be used:
a) To wish for an ability now or in the future.
I wish I could play the guitar!        
If only I could dance like that!     

I wish I could go to your wedding next week, but I can’t.
If only I could see my grandmother more often, but I can’t.

b) To wish that something could be true at the moment.
I wish I had long hair!       If only I were taller!

c) To wish that something was happening at the moment.
I wish I was lying on the beach right now!            If only I was lying on the beach right now!

d) To wish that something kept happening again and again, or to wish it could stop happening.
I wish you wouldn’t shout so loudly.        If only he wouldn’t shout so loudly.

e) To wish that something in the past had happened in a different way.
I wish I had studied for my exam!              If only I hadn’t argued with him!

Form:

• To wish for an ability now or in the future.

I wish (that) / If only + subject + could + infinitive verb
  I wish that I could sing.
  If only I could come to Australia too!

• To wish that something could be true at the moment.

I wish (that) / If only + subject + past simple
I wish I had a pony.
I wish I was rich.
When using the verb ‘be’, you can use ‘were’ for all persons.
I wish I were rich.             If only I were rich.

• To wish that something was happening at the moment.

I wish (that) / If only + subject + past continuous
I wish that this traffic was moving. 
If only this traffic was/were moving!

• To wish that something kept happening again and again, or to wish it could stop happening.

I wish (that) / If only + subject + would + past participle
I wish you would tidy up more often.

Often:   I wish (that) / If only + subject + would stop + verb-ing
I wish he would stop shouting.
I wish (that) / If only + subject + wouldn’t keep + verb-ing
I wish you wouldn’t keep hitting me.

• To wish that something in the past had happened in a different way.

I wish (that) / If only + past perfect         
I wish I had studied for my exam!              
If only I hadn’t argued with him!

Exercise

Complete the following sentences.

1.	I wish he wouldn't  chew gum in class friend would phone him learnt to speak French when I was younger live so far from school missed the train never asked her to marry him putting his shoes on the table spent all her money in the sales stop raining win the match on Saturday .
2.	If only his  chew gum in class friend would phone him learnt to speak French when I was younger live so far from school missed the train never asked her to marry him putting his shoes on the table spent all her money in the sales stop raining win the match on Saturday .
3.	She wishes she hadn't  chew gum in class friend would phone him learnt to speak French when I was younger live so far from school missed the train never asked her to marry him putting his shoes on the table spent all her money in the sales stop raining win the match on Saturday .
4.	He wishes he had  chew gum in class friend would phone him learnt to speak French when I was younger live so far from school missed the train never asked her to marry him putting his shoes on the table spent all her money in the sales stop raining win the match on Saturday .
5.	If only I had  chew gum in class friend would phone him learnt to speak French when I was younger live so far from school missed the train never asked her to marry him putting his shoes on the table spent all her money in the sales stop raining win the match on Saturday .
6.	I wish it would  chew gum in class friend would phone him learnt to speak French when I was younger live so far from school missed the train never asked her to marry him putting his shoes on the table spent all her money in the sales stop raining win the match on Saturday .
7.	If only Liverpool would  chew gum in class friend would phone him learnt to speak French when I was younger live so far from school missed the train never asked her to marry him putting his shoes on the table spent all her money in the sales stop raining win the match on Saturday .
8.	I wish he would stop  chew gum in class friend would phone him learnt to speak French when I was younger live so far from school missed the train never asked her to marry him putting his shoes on the table spent all her money in the sales stop raining win the match on Saturday .
9.	If only she hadn't  chew gum in class friend would phone him learnt to speak French when I was younger live so far from school missed the train never asked her to marry him putting his shoes on the table spent all her money in the sales stop raining win the match on Saturday .
10.	I wish I didn't  chew gum in class friend would phone him learnt to speak French when I was younger live so far from school missed the train never asked her to marry him putting his shoes on the table spent all her money in the sales stop raining win the match on Saturday .

Infinitive Clauses With Impersonal It

INFINITIVE  CLAUSESE WITH IMPERSONAL IT

“IT” is used to replace a clause or phrase at the the beginning of a sentences :

When an INFINITIVE is a subject of a sentence, we
usually begin the sentence with “it” and put infinitive
later.

For examples:
It is easy to criticize.  =  To criticize is easy.

It is better to be early. = To be early is better.

When a GERUND as a subject of a sentence, we usually begin
the sentence with “it” and put gerund later.

For examples:
It is easy talking. = Talking is easy.
It is difficult answering your questions. = Answering your questions is difficult.

It´s ( not)	Adjective	Infinitive clauses
It´s	Essential	Not to strain the muscle
It is	Important	To keep the shoulder relaxed
It is not	Necessary	To see a doctor
It is	Better	To speak to a prodessional

Funtion:

Use the adjective to describe an action

Use the adjective to describe a situation

"IT" IS + ADJ	"FOR" PRN	INFINITIVE CLS
It's difficult	for me	to guess what will happen.
It's hard		to know when a rat will get loose.
It's impossible	for us	to do  this project in 24 hours
It's important		to take a break twice a day.
It's possible	for you	to work on your own project.
It's exciting	for us	to be  here.
It's likely	for it	to get cold in the laboratory.

VERB / GERUND / INFINITIVE

Using Gerunds or infinitives

One of the difficulties of the English language is to know whether to use a gerund  (ex : doing) or an infinitive (ex : to do).

Generally speaking we can use the following rules:

Examples		Rules	Explanations
Verb + gerund	1. I enjoy playing 2. I denied stealing	Often we use the gerund for an action that happens before or at the same time as the action of the main verb.	1. I enjoy myself at the time of playing. 2. I deny having stolen anything before.
Verb + infinitive	1. I decided to visit my uncle 2. I want to go out	Often we use the infinitive for actions that follow the action of the main verb.	1. Visiting my uncle was an action of my decision. It comes after. 2. What I want (now) is to go out (after/later)

These rules are helpful but DO NOT always explain all uses of gerunds and infinitives.

Verbs commonly followed by a gerund

1- After verbs that express likes/dislikes :

• like
• love
• enjoy
• dislike
• hate

Example:

" I like playing soccer but I hate boxing."

Note "like/love/hate..." can be also followed by an infinitive:

Example:

I like to watch TV in the evening.

2- After verbs  such as : 

Verbs	Examples
admit	He admitted stealing the wallet.
advise	I wouldn't advise buying a used car.
allow	They don't allow smoking here. (Note that when an object is introduced an infinitive is used instead of a gerund: they allowed us to leave early.)
anticipate	He anticipated passing the exam.
avoid	She avoided meeting him.
appreciate	I appreciate working with you.
complete	They completed building their house.
consider	She considered starting a new business.
delay	She delayed doing her homework.
deny	He denied stealing the money.
fancy	Fancy meeting you here!
finish	She finished writing the letter.
go	go swimming.
imagine	He imagines meeting her.
involve	the job involves working in teams.
keep	He keeps complaining about his girlfriend.
mention	He mentioned working in that company.
mind	Would you mind helping me?
miss	He misses talking to her.
permit	The don't permit smoking here. (Note that, like allow, when an object is introduced an infinitive is used instead of a gerund: they permitted us to leave early.)
postpone	They postponed traveling to Japan.
practice	She practiced painting.
reject	He rejected working with them.
resist	He couldn't resist eating the cake.
risk	She risks losing her job.
suggest	I suggest leaving early.
waste time/money	Don't waste my time complaining.

3- After prepositions

• aim at
• keep on
• interested in    
• instead of
• good at
• before ...
• after ...

Example:

"I am interested in collecting stamps."
"After playing football I drank an orange juice".

4- After some expressions :

• It's no use ...
• It's no good ...
• There's no point in ...
• I can't help...
• I don't mind...
• I can't stand/bear...

" It's no use convincing him to meet her. "

Verbs that can be followed by an infinitive

1- After verbs that  generally refer to a future event:

Verbs	Examples
afford	We can't afford to buy a new car.
agree	She agreed to help him.
aim	The government aims to reduce illiteracy rates
arrange	He arranged to stay at a hotel.
attempt	He attempted to join them.
choose	He chose to stay at home.
consent	She consented to marry him.
decide	They decided to go to the movies.
deserve	He deserves to be punished.
demand	He demanded to speak to Mrs. Lynch
endeavor	They endeavor to provide the best possible service
expect	They expected to arrive early.
fail	He failed to convince him.
happen	They happened to be at the theatre when we met them.
help	She helped me to do the exercise. (Note, help is also followed by a bare infinitive: She helped me do the exercise.)
hope	I hope to join you as soon as possible.
intend	She intends to write an autobiography.
learn	He learned to play the guitar when he was young.
manage	He managed to do his homework without his mother's help.
need	I need to find a job.
offer	He offers to help us.
plan	He plans to follow a career as an engineer.
pretend	The child pretended to be asleep.
proceed	He proceeded to show us how to use the machine.
promise	She promised to come on time.
refuse	She refused to forgive him.
seem	He seemed to be unhappy.
swear	I swear to tell the truth.
threaten	He threatened to reveal her secret.
volunteer	He always volunteers to help the needy.
want	I want to finish my work early.
would hate	He would hate to lose.
would like	He would like to drink a cup of tea.
would love	I would love to meet you.

2- After adjectives

• be determined
• be disappointed
• be glad
• be happy
• be pleased 

Examples:

"I'm glad to know that you passed the exam."
"I'm pleased to meet you."
"I'm disappointed to hear that you flunked maths."

3- After "too" & "enough":

too difficult
easy enough

Example:

"It's too difficult to convince him to be helpful."
" But it's easy enough to fool him to get what you want."

Verbs that can be followed by both an infinitive and a gerund:

Some verbs can be followed by either a gerund or an infinitive. Here are some examples:

• start
• begin
• stop
• remember...

Example:

"I started smoking when I was young."
"I started to smoke when I left the office."

Complete the sentences using "-to infinitive" or gerund:

1. I don't want  (help) you with your homework.

2. Mary suggested  (go) to the movies.

3. I recommend you  (take) the bus. It's faster.

4. I promise  (call) her tomorrow.

5. She asked  (come) with me.

6. I dislike  (listen) to stupid stories.

7. I don't mind  (help) you with your English.

8. Steve enjoys  (play) basketball a lot.